Everything about Treaty Of Saint Petersburg 1875 totally explained
The was signed on
7 May 1875 between the
Empire of Japan and
Empire of Russia. Its terms stipulated that Japan give claims to
Sakhalin island in exchange for undisputed
sovereignty of all the
Kuril islands up to the
Kamchatka peninsula.
The
Treaty of Shimoda of 1855 had defined the border between Japan and Russia to be the strait between
Iturup (Etorofu) and
Urup (Uruppu) islands in the Kurile chain, but had left the status of
Sakhalin (Karafuto) open. Without well-defined borders, incidents between Russian and Japanese settlers began to occur. In order to remedy this situation the Japanese government sent an ambassador,
Enomoto Takeaki, to
St Petersburg to clearly define the border. After a year of negotiations, Japan agreed to renounce its claims to Sakhalin, with compensation for Japanese residents, access by the fishing fleet to the
Sea of Okhotsk, ten-years free use of Russian ports in the area and ownership of all of the Kurile Islands.
The treaty was concluded because Japan wanted to prevent Russian resource hunger in East-Asia reach Japanese territories. A clear delineation of the borders between the two empires would prevent this expansionism.
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